Canadian Citizenship Application
Complete Your Journey to Becoming Canadian
From permanent resident to Canadian citizen. Expert guidance for citizenship applications, proof of citizenship, citizenship certificates, and preparing for your citizenship test and ceremony.
20+ Years Experience
Licensed by Law Society & CICC
Women-Led Immigration Practice
BECOMING A CANADIAN CITIZEN
Canadian citizenship represents the culmination of your immigration journey — the final step from permanent resident to full member of Canadian society with all the rights, privileges, and responsibilities that citizenship brings.
As a Canadian citizen, you:
- Can vote in federal, provincial, and municipal elections
- Can run for political office
- Can obtain a Canadian passport for international travel
- Never have to worry about residency obligations or losing status
- Can pass citizenship to your children born outside Canada
- Have full protection under Canadian law wherever you are in the world
- Can access consular services from Canadian embassies abroad
The path to citizenship typically follows this journey:
Temporary Resident → Permanent Resident → Canadian Citizen
At IPJ Immigration, we guide permanent residents through the final steps of becoming Canadian citizens. From calculating your physical presence to preparing for the citizenship test, from gathering decades of documentation to completing your application accurately — we ensure you’re fully prepared for every stage of the citizenship process.
Whether you’re applying for citizenship as a permanent resident, need proof of citizenship, or are claiming citizenship by descent for a child born abroad, we provide the expertise and support you need to complete your Canadian journey.
CITIZENSHIP BY GRANT — FOR PERMANENT RESIDENTS
Citizenship by grant (also called naturalization) is the process by which permanent residents apply to become Canadian citizens.
You may be eligible for Canadian citizenship if you:
- Are a permanent resident of Canada
- Have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) during the 5 years immediately before your application
- Have filed income taxes for at least 3 years during the 5-year period (if required to file)
- Pass the citizenship test (if aged 18-54)
- Demonstrate adequate knowledge of English or French
- Have no prohibitions (criminal charges, removal orders, etc.)
The 1,095-Day Rule:
You must have been physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) out of the 5 years immediately before the date you sign your application.
How Days Are Counted:
As a Permanent Resident:
Each day you're physically present in Canada as a permanent resident counts as 1 full day.
Before Becoming a Permanent Resident:
Days you were physically present in Canada as a temporary resident or protected person before becoming a PR count as half days, up to a maximum credit of 365 days (730 actual days).
Example:
If you lived in Canada for 2 years as a student before becoming a PR, you can credit 365 days toward your citizenship requirement. Combined with 2 years and 6 months (912 days) as a PR, you meet the 1,095-day requirement.
What Doesn't Count:
- Days outside Canada (even short trips)
- Days spent in Canada without legal status
- Days after losing permanent resident status
Tracking Your Days:
Keep detailed records of all trips outside Canada:
- Entry and exit dates
- Countries visited
- Purpose of travel
- CBSA entry/exit records help, but your own records are essential
You must have filed income taxes for at least 3 taxation years within the 5-year period immediately before your application — if you were required to file taxes under the Income Tax Act.
What this means:
- If you had income requiring tax filing in Canada, you must have filed
- If you weren't required to file (low income, recent PR, etc.), this requirement doesn't apply
- IRCC verifies tax filing with Canada Revenue Agency
Proof:
IRCC accesses CRA records directly, but you should have:
- Notices of Assessment for relevant years
- Records showing you filed even if owed no taxes
Applicants aged 18-54 must provide proof of adequate knowledge of English or French.
Acceptable Proof:
- Citizenship test results (demonstrates language ability)
- Approved language test results (IELTS, CELPIP, TEF, TCF)
- Evidence of completion of secondary or post-secondary education in English or French
- Government-funded language training at CLB/NCLC 4 or higher
Who Must Take the Test:
Applicants aged 18-54 on the date they sign their application.
What the Test Covers:
- Canadian history, geography, economy, government, laws, and symbols
- Rights and responsibilities of citizenship
- Based on the study guide "Discover Canada"
Test Format:
- 20 multiple-choice and true/false questions
- 30 minutes to complete
- Pass mark: 15 out of 20 (75%)
- Conducted in English or French
- Usually written test, but can be oral interview if needed
How to Prepare:
- Study "Discover Canada: The Rights and Responsibilities of Citizenship" (official guide)
- Take online practice tests
- Focus on understanding concepts, not just memorizing
- We provide test preparation resources and guidance
What Happens at the Test:
- Bring required documents (PR card, ID, passport, language proof)
- Take the citizenship test
- May have a brief interview with citizenship official
- Typically 30 minutes total
You cannot become a Canadian citizen if you:
- Are under a removal order (deportation order)
- Are charged with, on trial for, or convicted of an indictable offense in Canada
- Are convicted of an offense outside Canada in the past 4 years (equivalent to indictable offense in Canada)
- Are in prison, on parole, or on probation
- Are under investigation or charged with a war crime or crime against humanity
- Have had citizenship revoked in the past 5 years
Important:
Even minor criminal charges can delay or prevent citizenship. Disclose all criminal matters on your application.
THE CITIZENSHIP APPLICATION PROCESS
Step-by-Step: From Application to Citizenship Ceremony
What You Do:
- Calculate your physical presence in Canada
- Gather all passports and travel documents from the past 5 years
- Document every trip outside Canada
- Confirm you meet all requirements
- Identify any potential issues (gaps, criminal issues, tax filing concerns)
Our Role:
We help you accurately calculate physical presence, assess eligibility, identify concerns, and develop strategy.
Required Documents:
- All passports and travel documents covering last 5 years (photocopies of every page)
- Two citizenship photos meeting exact specifications
- Language proof (if aged 18-54)
- Proof of Canadian tax filing (Notices of Assessment)
- Immigration documents (COPR, PR card)
- Supporting documents for any name changes
- Translation of documents not in English/French
- Additional documents based on your situation
Application Forms:
- CIT 0002 (Application for Canadian Citizenship - Adults)
- Physical presence calculator printout
- Fee payment
How to Apply:
- Online application through IRCC portal (recommended for faster processing)
- Paper application mailed to Case Processing Centre in Sydney, Nova Scotia
Application Fee: $630 (includes processing fee and right of citizenship fee)
Confirmation:
After submission, you receive Acknowledgement of Receipt (AOR) with application number.
What IRCC Does:
- Reviews your application for completeness
- Verifies your physical presence (checks CBSA records)
- Confirms tax filing with CRA
- Conducts background and security checks
- Reviews RCMP criminal record check
- May request additional documents
Possible Outcomes:
Application Approved for Test:
You receive invitation to take citizenship test.
Request for Additional Information:
IRCC needs more documents or clarification.
Referral for Residency Questionnaire:
If IRCC has concerns about your physical presence, they may send detailed questionnaire requiring extensive documentation.
Application Returned:
If incomplete or ineligible.
What Happens:
- Receive test invitation with date, time, and location
- Usually scheduled within weeks to months after application approval
- Arrive with required documents
- Complete test (30 minutes)
- May have brief interview with citizenship official
Results:
Usually receive results same day or shortly after. You must pass to proceed to ceremony.
What Happens:
- Receive invitation to citizenship ceremony with date, time, and location
- Attend ceremony (typically 60-90 minutes)
- Take Oath of Citizenship alongside other new citizens
- Receive Canadian citizenship certificate
- Sign oath form
- Celebration with family/friends (guests welcome)
Important:
This is a formal, meaningful ceremony. Dress appropriately, arrive on time, bring required documents.
After Becoming a Citizen:
- You can apply for Canadian passport immediately
- Use citizenship certificate as proof
- Passport application is separate process (not included in citizenship fee)
Total Timeline:
From application to citizenship ceremony typically takes 12-24 months, though processing times vary. Complex cases or residency concerns can add months or years.
PROOF OF CITIZENSHIP & CITIZENSHIP CERTIFICATES
Proof of Citizenship is for people who are already Canadian citizens but need official documentation of their citizenship status.
- Born in Canada but never received citizenship certificate
- Became a Canadian citizen before 1977 (different processes then)
- Lost or damaged citizenship certificate
- Need to prove citizenship for passport application
- Need citizenship certificate for other purposes (employment, benefits, travel)
Proof of Canadian Citizenship (for those born in Canada or already citizens):
- Application for citizenship certificate
- Fee: $75
- Processing time: 3-5 months
Citizenship Certificate Replacement (if lost, stolen, damaged):
- Application for replacement certificate
- Fee: $75
- Processing time: 3-5 months
- Birth certificate (if born in Canada)
- Previous citizenship certificate (if replacing)
- Identity documents
- Two citizenship photos
- Supporting documents proving citizenship
CITIZENSHIP BY DESCENT — FOR CHILDREN BORN ABROAD
If you’re a Canadian citizen and have children born outside Canada, they may be Canadian citizens by descent.
Generally, only the first generation born abroad to a Canadian parent can claim citizenship by descent. If you were born abroad to a Canadian parent, your children born abroad will not automatically be Canadian citizens unless an exception applies.
Your child qualifies for citizenship by descent if:
- You are a Canadian citizen (by birth in Canada or naturalization before your child's birth)
- Your child was born outside Canada
- Your child is the first generation born abroad, OR
- An exception to the first generation limit applies
For Minors (Under 18):
Parent applies for proof of citizenship on child's behalf.
For Adults (18+):
Individual applies for proof of citizenship themselves.
- Child's foreign birth certificate
- Parent's proof of Canadian citizenship
- Parent's birth certificate
- Proof of relationship (birth certificate showing parents)
- Additional documents based on circumstances
URGENT PROCESSING
In certain circumstances, you may be able to request urgent processing of your citizenship application.
Valid Reasons for Urgent Processing:
- Job requirement (Canadian citizenship required for position)
- Medical reasons (serious illness, end of life)
- Travel for urgent family matters (death, serious illness)
- Proof of citizenship needed for benefits or legal proceedings
How to Request:
- Write detailed letter explaining urgent circumstances
- Provide supporting documentation (job offer, medical reports, death certificates, etc.)
- Submit with your application or as soon as urgent need arises
Important:
Urgent processing is discretionary. IRCC determines whether circumstances warrant expedited processing. Not all requests are granted.
COMMON CHALLENGES & HOW WE HELP
If IRCC has concerns about your physical presence calculation, they may send a Residency Questionnaire requesting extensive documentation proving your presence in Canada.
What RQs Request:
- Rental agreements or property records for entire period
- Employment records with pay stubs and tax documents
- School records and transcripts
- Bank statements and credit card statements
- Medical and dental records
- Any other evidence of physical presence
Why RQs Are Issued:
- Frequent or extended trips outside Canada
- Gaps in documentation
- Inconsistencies in information provided
- Random quality control checks
Impact:
RQs significantly extend processing time (can add 1-2+ years to your application).
How We Help:
We help you respond comprehensively to RQs, gather all required documentation, organize evidence effectively, and address IRCC's concerns.
Criminal charges, convictions, or prohibitions can delay or prevent citizenship.
What Delays Citizenship:
- Pending criminal charges (application suspended until resolved)
- On probation or parole (must complete before applying)
- Conviction within past 4 years for certain offenses
How We Help:
We assess your criminal situation, advise on timing, address concerns proactively, and help you navigate complex cases.
If your name has changed (marriage, divorce, legal name change) since becoming a permanent resident, ensure all documents reflect current name or provide name change documents.
Required:
- Marriage certificate
- Divorce decree
- Legal name change certificate
- Court orders
HOW WE HELP — YOUR TWO SERVICE OPTIONS
Whether you’re applying for citizenship, need proof of citizenship, or claiming citizenship by descent, we provide expert guidance.
Option 1: Professional Verified
You prepare your application with our expert guidance and review.
Perfect for citizenship applicants with straightforward situations who want professional oversight.
- You clearly meet the physical presence requirement
- Your situation is straightforward
- You're comfortable gathering documents
- You want expert review to ensure accuracy
Physical Presence Calculation
We help you accurately calculate days and confirm you meet the requirement.
Eligibility Assessment
We review your entire situation and identify any potential concerns.
Document Checklist
Customized checklist for your application type and circumstances.
Application Guidance
Clear instructions on completing forms and compiling evidence.
Test Preparation Resources
Study materials and preparation guidance.
Full Legal Audit
Comprehensive review of your prepared application with corrections.
Final Verification
Final review before submission.
Option 2: Full Representation
We handle everything for you from start to finish.
Perfect for complex cases, close presence calculations, or complete professional management
- You're close to the 1,095-day threshold
- You have frequent or extended travel
- You anticipate potential Residency Questionnaire
- You want stress-free, fully managed process
- You prefer professional representation
Complete Presence Calculation
We calculate your exact days and develop strategy for any concerns.
Full Application Preparation
We complete all forms, organize documents, compile your application.
Residency Questionnaire Response (if issued)
We prepare comprehensive responses with extensive supporting documentation.
IRCC Communication
We act as your authorized representative for all correspondence.
Test Preparation Support
Comprehensive study resources and preparation guidance.
Ongoing Support
Regular communication from application to citizenship ceremony.
Still Not Sure Which Option Fits?
Book a free 15-minute discovery call. We’ll discuss your situation and help you choose the service level that matches your needs, timeline, and comfort level.
How We Charge: Clear, Fair, and Transparent
We believe you should know exactly what to expect. Our fees are straightforward, with no hidden costs or surprises.
WHY CHOOSE IPJ IMMIGRATION FOR CITIZENSHIP
Experienced in Both Simple and Complex Cases
From straightforward applications to misrepresentation, inadmissibility, and procedural fairness letters, we bring over 20 years of experience to every situation — whether you need full representation or a guided review before submitting.
Warm, Human Support for Every Client
We take the time to understand your story, your goals, and your concerns. You’re never treated like a file number — you’re a person, and your journey matters.
ESL‑Friendly Communication
We explain every step in clear, simple language. No jargon. No confusion. Just steady, accessible guidance that supports both full‑service clients and those completing their own applications.
Thorough, Organized Application Preparation
Every form, document, and submission is reviewed with care to reduce delays and strengthen your application — including detailed reviews for clients who want expert feedback before submitting on their own.
Transparent, Predictable Process
You always know what stage you’re in, what comes next, and what we’re doing on your behalf. No surprises, no uncertainty
Clear, Steady Guidance You Can Trust
Immigration can feel overwhelming, especially when you’re preparing your application on your own. We provide calm, organized support so you always know what to expect and how to move forward.
A Women‑Led, Family‑Run Firm
Our approach is grounded in empathy, integrity, and genuine care — values that shape every interaction and every application we support.
A Lawyer and Immigration Consultants Working Together
Your application benefits from a team that combines legal insight with regulated Canadian immigration consulting. Our professionals are licensed by the Law Society of Ontario and the College of Immigration and Citizenship Consultants, and we maintain active memberships with CILA and CAPIC to stay current with evolving policies and best practices. This collaborative approach strengthens your strategy, reduces errors, and ensures your case is reviewed from multiple professional perspectives.
Our Regulators
Our Associations
What Our Clients Say
Every application represents someone’s hopes, dreams, and future. Here are just a few of the people we’ve been honored to help.
Frequently Asked Questions
You must be physically present in Canada for at least 1,095 days (3 years) during the 5 years immediately before your application. Time as a temporary resident before becoming PR can count as half days (up to 365-day credit).
No. Canada allows dual citizenship. You can keep your current citizenship when you become Canadian (unless your country doesn't allow dual citizenship).
You'll be scheduled for a retest. If you don't pass the retest, you'll have an interview with a citizenship official to assess your knowledge.
Average processing time is 12-19 months from application to citizenship ceremony, though it varies. Complex cases or Residency Questionnaires can add significant time.
Contact IRCC immediately to reschedule. You must be in Canada to take the citizenship test.
Processing time for urgent requests varies and depends on whether IRCC grants your request. Not all urgent processing requests are approved.
Not legally required, but professional guidance significantly reduces errors, helps with complex situations, and increases your chances of smooth processing without RQs or delays.
How Would You Like to Get Started?
You can reach us in the way that feels most comfortable for you. If you prefer to speak with someone directly, you can book a consultation. If you’re still deciding between Guided Application Review and Full Care Representation, you can complete a short questionnaire and receive a personalized recommendation within 24 hours.
Book a Consultation
Free 15‑Minute Discovery Call
A short conversation to understand your situation and help you choose between Full Care Representation and Guided Application Review.
Paid 45‑Minute Consultation
A focused session for specific needs such as strategy, refusals, restoring status, or detailed immigration questions.
Clear, practical guidance tailored to your case.
Start With a Guided Questionnaire
Complete a short questionnaire to help us understand your comfort level, your timeline, and the complexity of your situation. A licensed consultant will review your answers and get back to you within 24 hours with a clear, personalized recommendation.